FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU KONSUMSI JAJANAN PADA PELAJAR DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 16 DAN SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 120 KOTA MANADO

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku jajanan pada anak, yaitu berasal dari dalam diri pelajar dan dari luar atau lingkungan pelajar. Untuk itu orang tua dan guru perlu memberikan keteladanan, pendampingan, pemantauan dan tindakan yang nyata kepada anak dalam mengkonsumsi makanan jajanan yang sehat. Selain itu, lemahnya pengetahuan gizi dan kondisi sosial ekonomi yang juga menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku jajanan pada anak. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku konsumsi jajanan pada pelajar SDN 16 dan SDN 120 Kota Manado.  Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survei, dan dengan pendekatan cross sectional dimana variabel independen (sikap terhadap makanan, pengetahuan gizi, pengaruh teman sebaya, kebiasaan membawa bekal, kebiasaan sarapan) dan dependen (perilaku konsumsi jajanan) di teliti secara bersamaan. Dengan populasi adalah seluruh pelajar kelas 4, 5, dan 6 di SDN 16 dan SDN 120 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, maka didapatkan jumlah responden sebanyak 89 pelajar Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara sikap terhadap makanan (p = 0,000), pengetahuan (p = 0,000), pengaruh teman sebaya (p = 0,020), kebiasaan membawa bekal (p = 0,000), kebiasaan sarapan pagi (p = 0,003) dengan perilaku konsumsi jajanan.  Adanya hubungan antara sikap terhadap makanan jajanan, pengetahuan gizi, pengaruh teman sebaya, kebiasaan membawa bekal, kebiasaan sarapan pagi dengan perilaku konsumsi jajanan pada pelajar SDN 16 dan SDN 120 Kota Manado. Kata Kunci: Perilaku konsumsi, Jajanan ABSTRACTFactors that influence hawker behavior in children, which come from within the student and from outside or the student environment. For this reason parents and teachers need to provide exemplary, mentoring, monitoring and concrete actions for children to consume healthy snacks. In addition, weak knowledge of nutrition and socio-economic conditions are also one of the factors that influence snack behavior in children. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with snack consumption behavior for students of SDN 16 and SDN 120 Kota Manado. The research design used in this study is quantitative research using survey methods, and with a cross sectional approach where the independent variables (attitudes toward food, knowledge of nutrition, peer influence, habits of carrying lunch, breakfast habits) and dependence (snack consumption behavior) in carefully simultaneously. With the population are all students in grades 4, 5, and 6 in SDN 16 and SDN 120 who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then the number of respondents is 89 students. The results in this study indicate that there is a relationship between attitudes towards food (p = 0,000), knowledge (p = 0,000), peer influence (p = 0,020), habit of carrying lunch (p = 0,000), breakfast habits (p = 0.003) with snacks consumption behavior. There is a relationship between attitudes toward snack foods, knowledge of nutrition, peer influence, habit of carrying lunch, breakfast habits with snacks consumption behavior for students of SDN 16 and SDN 120 Kota Manado. Keywords: Consumption behavior, snack

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Hand Hygiene among Students and Nurses Staff in Mwanza Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study during Global COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is a critical component of infection prevention and control (IPC) which aims at preventing microbial transmission during patient care hence reducing the burden of healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). Information on the level of HH knowledge, attitudes and practices among healthcare workers (HCWs) from low- and middle-income countries is scarce. This study determined knowledge, attitude and practices of HH among students and staff nurses in Mwanza, Tanzania.Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted between August and October 2020 among student and staff nurses from 2health centres, 2district hospitals, 1regional referral hospital and 1zonal referral hospital. Self-administered pretested structured questionnaires were used for data collection. All data was transferred to Microsoft excel spreadsheet for cleaning and coding, then to STATA software version 13.0 for analysis.Results: A total of 726 nurses aged 18 to 59 years with median (IQR) age of 29(24-38) years were enrolled. About 3 quarters 76.4% (555/726) of nurses had good level of knowledge on HH as most of them 88.3% (641/726) had received rigorous IPC trainings during COVID-19 pandemic. About 42.0% (305/726) of the participants reported that, the action of HH was effortless. Majority of the participants, 81.1% (589/726) practiced hand washing more than hand rubbing routinely. Being a student nurse [OR: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.21-1.44, p<.001], working in inpatient department [OR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.27-0.55, p<.001], high level of education i.e., degree and above [OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.36-2.24, p<.001] and having working experience of 5 years and above [OR: 2.41, 95%CI: 1.52-3.82, p<.001] was associated with being knowledgeable of HH.Conclusion: Majority of the participants had good level of knowledge on HH because they had received rigorous training on IPC, notably HH during the global COVID-19 pandemic

Randomized controlled clinical study comparing two types of two-piece dental implants supporting fixed restorations-Results at 8 years of loading

Objectives To assess clinical, technical, biological, and radiographic outcomes of implants supporting fixed restorations using two types of dental implants with non-matching implant–abutment junctions at 8 years. Materials and methods Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to receive one of two implant systems (S1 or S2) and eventually fixed restorations. Patients were examined at loading (TL), one (T1), three (T3), five (T5), and eight years (T8). Outcome measures included implant and restoration survival, technical and biological complications, and radiographic bone levels. All data were analyzed on the implant and patient level. Results Ninety-eight implants were inserted in 64 patients and loaded with fixed restorations. At 8 years, 49 patients with 42 (S1) and 36 (S2) implants (25 in group S1 and 24 in group S2 on the patient level) were re-examined. The survival rates on the patient level were 97.6% (S1) and 97.2% (S2). The marginal bone levels (the primary endpoint) amounted to a gain of 0.21 mm (Q1: −0.11 mm; Q3: 0.5 mm) (S1) (p = .007) and to a loss of 0.24 mm (Q1: −0.79 mm; Q3: 0.05 mm) (S2) (p = .001) between baseline (TL) and T8 (intergroup p < .001). The technical complication rates were 28% (S1) and 12.5% (S2) (intergroup p = .289). Peri-implant mucositis was observed in 24% (S1) and 50% (S2) of the implants on the patient level (intergroup p = .792). The respective figures for peri-implantitis were 0% (S1) and 12.5% (S2) (intergroup p = .11). Conclusions Dental implants with non-matching implant–abutment junctions supporting fixed restorations resulted in high survival rates independent of the system used. Differences, mainly observed in terms of technical complications (in favor of S2), biological complications (in favor of S1), and marginal bone-level changes (in favor of group S1), appear to be clinically negligible

Parent progeny regression analysis in segregating generations of drought QTLs pyramided rice lines (Oryza sativa L.)

The present study was undertaken to estimate the effectiveness of selection for the yield and yield contributing traits in the BC2 F3 and BC2 F4 generations of drought QTL introgressed progenies of Improved White Ponni (IWP) x Apo. A positively skewed and negatively skewed platykurtic curve was observed in many of the traits in both generations indicating the influence of a large number of genes. Significant and positive intergenerational correlation and regression coefficient values were obtained for all the yield contributing characters indicating that selection can be done in these generations for isolating superior genotypes. Narrow sense heritability estimates obtained high values for the traits days to 50 per cent flowering, the number of productive tillers, filled grains per panicle and single plant yield indicating that selection will be effective for these traits in these early generations

Natural plant diet impacts phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes

Success in reducing malaria transmission through vector control is threatened by insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Although the proximal molecular mechanisms and genetic determinants involved are well documented, little is known about the influence of the environment on mosquito resistance to insecticides. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of plant sugar feeding on the response of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato to insecticides. Adults were fed with one of four treatments, namely a 5% glucose control solution, nectariferous flowers of Barleria lupulina, of Cascabela thevetia and a combination of both B. lupulina+C. thevetia. WHO tube tests were performed with 0.05% and 0.5% deltamethrin, and knockdown rate (KD) and the 24 h mosquito mortality were measured. Plant diet significantly influenced mosquito KD rate at both concentrations of deltamethrin. Following exposure to 0.05% deltamethrin, the B. lupulina diet induced a 2.5 fold-increase in mosquito mortality compared to 5% glucose. Species molecular identification confirmed the predominance of An. gambiae (60% of the samples) over An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis in our study area. The kdr mutation L1014F displayed an allelic frequency of 0.75 and was positively associated with increased phenotypic resistance to deltamethrin. Plant diet, particularly B. lupulina, increased the susceptibility of mosquitoes to insecticides. The finding that B. lupulina-fed control individuals (i.e. not exposed to deltamethrin) also displayed increased 24 h mortality suggests that plant-mediated effects may be driven by a direct effect of plant diet on mosquito survival rather than indirect effects through interference with insecticide-resistance mechanisms. Thus, some plant species may weaken mosquitoes, making them less vigorous and more vulnerable to the insecticide. There is a need for further investigation, using a wider range of plant species and insecticides, in combination with other relevant environmental factors, to better understand the expression and evolution of insecticide resistance

Protistan Communities Within the Galápagos Archipelago With an Emphasis on Micrograzers

The Galápagos Archipelago is a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. However, compared to the relatively well-known megafauna, the distribution and ecological significance of marine protists in this system are poorly understood. To gain an understanding of the protistan assemblages across trophic modes, an intensive oceanographic survey was conducted in the Galápagos Marine Reserve (GMR) in October of 2018. The Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC)-influenced region had higher chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations than those of the eastern regions of the archipelago, along with higher abundances of protistan grazers. Specifically, proportions of autotrophic and potentially mixotrophic dinoflagellates were higher in the EUC, whereas in the eastern regions, heterotrophic dinoflagellates and chlorophytes dominated. Taxonomic composition and biochemical indicators suggested proportions of micrograzers and their associated heterotrophic biomass was higher in the oligotrophic, low Chl-a regions in the east. We also report observations from a dinoflagellate bloom in the western archipelago, which was heavily influenced by upwelling of the EUC. The red tide-forming dinoflagellate Scrippsiella lachrymosa was highly detected through light microscopy and DNA amplicon sequencing. In addition, the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidii was detected and, based on cell densities observed in this study and grazing rates obtained from the literature, estimated to potentially graze up to 62% of S. lachrymosa bloom population. Our findings thus provide new insights into the composition of micrograzers and their potential roles in structuring protistan communities in the Galápagos Archipelago

Breathing pattern and pulmonary gas exchange in elderly patients with and without left ventricular dysfunction-modification with exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and prognostic value.

BACKGROUND Inefficient ventilation is an established prognostic marker in patients with heart failure. It is not known whether inefficient ventilation is also linked to poor prognosis in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) but without overt heart failure. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether inefficient ventilation in elderly patients with LVD is more common than in patients without LVD, whether it improves with exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (exCR), and whether it is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS In this large multicentre observational longitudinal study, patients aged ≥65 years with acute or chronic coronary syndromes (ACS, CCS) without cardiac surgery who participated in a study on the effectiveness of exCR in seven European countries were included. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed before, at the termination of exCR, and at 12 months follow-up. Ventilation (VE), breathing frequency (BF), tidal volume (VT), and end-expiratory carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) were measured at rest, at the first ventilatory threshold, and at peak exercise. Ventilatory parameters were compared between patients with and without LVD (based on cardio-echography) and related to MACE at 12 month follow-up. RESULTS In 818 patients, age was 72.5 ± 5.4 years, 21.9% were women, 79.8% had ACS, and 151 (18%) had LVD. Compared to noLVD, in LVD resting VE was increased by 8%, resting BF by 6%, peak VE, peak VT, and peak PETCO2 reduced by 6%, 8%, and 5%, respectively, and VE/VCO2 slope increased by 11%. From before to after exCR, resting VE decreased and peak PETCO2 increased significantly more in patients with compared to without LVD. In LVD, higher resting BF, higher nadir VE/VCO2, and lower peak PETCO2 at baseline were associated with MACE. CONCLUSIONS Similarly to patients with HF, in elderly patients with ischemic LVD, inefficient resting and exercise ventilation was associated with worse outcomes, and ExCR alleviated abnormal breathing patterns and gas exchange parameters